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The problem of infertility, which is brought on by various reproductive diseases, is well-known worldwide. Various therapy strategies, including aetiology-specific medication, hormonal therapies, surgical excisions, and assisted reproductive technologies, have been tried thus far in an effort to restore fertility. Due to a sharp fall in male fertility over the past few years, medical professionals have turned their focus to quicker and more effective therapeutic strategies like stem cells and exosome therapy. These are two experimental techniques that are currently attracting more interest. Cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, retinal damage, and liver disease have all benefited from stem cell therapy, which has demonstrated promising results in regenerative medicine.

Exosome therapy combined with stem cell therapy has emerged as a cutting-edge strategy for treating male infertility since exosomes appear to have unparalleled therapeutic effects.

Role of Exosome Therapy in Infertility

Exosomes have various roles in sperm motility, calcium signalling and regulation of semen. Some of the common male infertility issues that can be benefited from exosomes and stem cell therapy are:

  • Erectile Dysfunction: Due to linked co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiac problems, vascular dysfunction, etc., erectile dysfunction continues to be a serious condition in males. According to studies, vascular dysfunction brought on by the increased ageing of the corpus cavernosum’s smooth muscle cells is a prevalent cause of ED. With the development of technology, it is now understood that stem cells can affect the microenvironment to enhance blood flow, lessen cellular degeneration, and enhance the regeneration of damaged cells by secreting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in extracellular vesicles.
  • Azoospermia: Azoospermia, a disease that results in zero sperm production, is responsible for 20–30% of male reproductive problems. Advanced stem cell research suggests that the ability of stem cells to differentiate into different cell types aids in the regulation of hormones, the regeneration of the male germ cell epithelium, and the production of sperm, increasing the likelihood that reproductive problems can be addressed. Additionally, stem cells can improve cellular communication when combined with exosomes through increased activities and paracrine actions, which further addresses genetic dysfunctions related to insufficient sperm production.
  • Oligoasthenozoospermia: Numerous in vitro, preclinical, and clinical investigations have examined the therapeutic potential of stem cells and established their function in gamete synthesis in diseases like oligospermia, which is characterised by low sperm production. The stem cell exosome, which has the same therapeutic and regenerative potential as parent stem cells, is now accessible due to technological advances.

Difference Between Oligospermia and Azoospermia

Takeaway

  • Exosomes have various advantages over stem cells, including the fact that they do not cause teratoma growth or inflammation.
  • In addition, they transport their cargo to the target cell, enter it, and engage with its organelles.
  • According to earlier research, a combination of exosomes can be administered to treat the symptoms of a variety of illnesses, including male infertility.

If you are looking for stem cells for male infertility, get in touch with us at [email protected] or WhatsApp us at +91-9654321400.

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